Europe immigration pathways

Albania Digital Nomad Visa / Digital Mobile Worker Unique Permit

Current 2026 guide to Albania's Unique Permit for Digital Mobile Workers, including foreign-work evidence, income/deposit tests, fees and filing steps.

Albania Family Reunification Residence Permit Guide

Current 2026 guide to Albania family reunification for spouses, partners and qualifying family members of Albanian citizens or resident foreigners.

Albania Investor Unique Permit Guide

Current 2026 guide to Albania's Investor Unique Permit, including the 10,000,000 lek investment threshold, staffing ratio, fees and renewal path.

Albania Property Owner Residence Permit Guide

Current 2026 guide to Albania's residence permit for foreign owners of immovable property, including duration, fees, ownership and financial evidence.

Albania Retirement / Pensioner Residence Permit Guide

Current 2026 guide to Albania's pensioner residence permit, including foreign pension, financial evidence, one-year duration, fees and no-work restriction.

Albania Self-Employment Unique Permit Guide

Current 2026 guide to Albania's self-employed Unique Permit for founders and independent business operators, including evaluation, fees and permanent-residence progression.

Albania Student Residence Permit Guide

Current 2026 guide to Albania's student residence permit, including eligibility, duration, filing steps and post-study job/business search rights.

Albania Work Permit / Employed Person Unique Permit Guide

Current 2026 guide to Albania's employed-person Unique Permit, including employer contract, fees, 4–12 week processing and Type D visa interaction.

Andorra Digital Nomad Visa: D.3 Residence Requirements 2026

Current guide to Andorra's official D.3 digital-nomad residence, including 90-day residence, economy-ministry approval, insurance and renewal periods.

Andorra Family Reunification Residence: B.1 Guide 2026

Current guide to Andorra's B.1 family reunification residence for qualifying relatives of Andorran nationals and residence-and-work holders.

Andorra International Professional Residence: 85% Rule 2026

Guide to Andorra residence for professionals with international projection: Andorran base, 85% foreign-used services, one-employee maximum and AFA deposits.

Andorra Passive Residence: 2026 Investment & Income Requirements

Current guide to Andorra residence without lucrative activity, including the 2026 €1 million investment rule, contributions, 90-day residence and indexed income test.

Andorra Self-Employment Residence: J.1 Requirements 2026

Current guide to Andorra's J.1 residence and work authorization for self-employment, company owners and qualifying liberal professionals.

Andorra Startup Visa: D.4 Entrepreneur Residence Guide 2026

Guide to Andorra's D.4 residence for participants in foreign entrepreneur programs, the closest official route to an Andorra startup visa.

Andorra Student, Training and Research Residence: 2026 Guide

Guide to Andorra's F authorization for study, formative placements, high-level sports training and scientific or similar research.

Andorra Work and Residence Permit: A.1 Guide 2026

Current guide to Andorra's A.1 residence and work authorization for employees with an Andorran employer, including quotas, validity, Catalan renewal rules and fees.

Austria Red-White-Red Card for Austrian University Graduates: 2026 Guide

Post-study route for eligible third-country graduates of Austrian higher education, with a 12-month search period and no RWR points test.

Austria EU Blue Card: 2026 Salary, Eligibility and Process

2026 Austria EU Blue Card guide covering the €55,678 annual salary threshold, qualification rules, labour-market test and transition.

Austria Family Reunification Residence: 2026 Guide

Austria family reunification guide covering sponsor status, RWR Card plus, 2026 subsistence rates, German rules and labour-market access.

Austria Other Key Workers Red-White-Red Card: 2026 Guide

Guide to Austria’s Other Key Worker RWR Card, including the 2026 salary floor, 55-point test and labour-market test.

Austria Regular Workers in Tourism, Agriculture and Forestry: 2026 Guide

Permanent-immigration RWR route for qualifying regular seasonal workers in Austrian tourism, agriculture and forestry.

Austria Researcher Residence Permit: 2026 Guide

Guide to Austria’s Settlement Permit – Researcher, including hosting agreements, two-year validity and later RWR Card plus options.

Austria Self-Employed Key Workers Red-White-Red Card: 2026 Guide

Guide to Austria’s self-employed key-worker RWR Card and the macroeconomic-benefit test for third-country entrepreneurs.

Austria Skilled Workers in Shortage Occupations: 2026 RWR Card Guide

Current 2026 Red-White-Red Card rules for skilled workers in Austria-wide and regional shortage occupations.

Austria Start-up Founders Red-White-Red Card: 2026 Guide

Austria start-up founder RWR Card guide covering innovation, €30,000 capital, 50% equity and the 50-point threshold.

Austria Student Residence Permit: 2026 Funds, Work and Post-Study Guide

Austria Residence Permit – Student guide covering 2026 subsistence amounts, health insurance, study progress and the 20-hour work-permit rule.

Austria Red-White-Red Card for Very Highly Qualified Workers: 2026 Guide

2026 guide to Austria’s Very Highly Qualified Worker Red-White-Red Card and six-month Job Seeker Visa.

Belarus Family Reunification in 2026

Guide to Belarus family-based temporary and permanent residence for spouses, children, parents and other qualifying relatives.

Belarus High-Tech Park Specialist Route in 2026

Guide to the Belarus High-Tech Park special immigration regime for qualifying foreign employees and founders, including work-permit and residence advantages.

Belarus Investor Permanent Residence in 2026

Guide to investment as a Belarus permanent-residence ground, the current implementing regulation, evidence, work rights and the distinction from citizenship by investment.

Belarus Permanent Residence and Naturalisation in 2026

Guide to Belarus permanent-residence grounds, the five-year temporary-residence route, biometric residence status and the separate five-year naturalisation framework.

Belarus Student Residence in 2026

Guide to Belarus study-based temporary residence, student documents, extension and the current 20-hours-per-week work-permit exemption.

Belarus Temporary Residence Permit in 2026

Guide to Belarus temporary residence grounds for employment, study, family, property and other lawful bases under the current 2026 stay rules.

Belarus Work Permit in 2026

Guide to Belarus foreign-worker special permission, 2026 employer rules, shortage-list notifications, EAEU exemptions and residence implications.

Belgium Digital Nomad Visa 2026: Remote Work Options and Legal Alternatives

Belgium does not publish a dedicated digital-nomad residence category; this guide explains the real routes remote professionals may need to use instead.

Belgium EU Blue Card 2026: Salary, Qualifications and Process

A current guide to Belgium's EU Blue Card for highly qualified third-country nationals, including regional salary thresholds and application rules.

Belgium Investor Visa 2026: Business Investment vs Golden Visa Claims

Belgium does not publish a general passive residence-by-investment program; active investors and founders usually need to qualify through regional professional-card rules.

Belgium Professional Card 2026: Self-Employed and Entrepreneur Requirements

A current guide to Belgium's regional professional-card system for non-EEA/Swiss entrepreneurs, freelancers and other self-employed workers.

Belgium Single Permit 2026: Employer-Sponsored Work and Residence

A current guide to Belgium's single permit for many non-European employees working and residing in Belgium for more than 90 days.

Belgium Startup Visa 2026: Founder and Innovation Routes

Belgium has no single nationwide startup residence permit; founders generally use regional professional-card rules, including Flanders' new Innovation & Startup fast-track label.

Bosnia Company Founder and Entrepreneur Residence in 2026

Guide to Bosnia and Herzegovina's company-founder residence framework, including work-without-permit conditions, five local hires, salary rule, tax compliance and permanent-residence treatment.

Bosnia and Herzegovina Work Permit and Employment Residence in 2026

Guide to Bosnia and Herzegovina work permits and temporary residence for employees, including employer steps, 2026 quotas, duration, Visa D and fees.

Bosnia Freelancer and Self-Employment Residence in 2026

Guide to Bosnia and Herzegovina immigration options for freelancers and self-employed professionals, including why there is no standalone freelancer visa and when the founder route applies.

Bosnia and Herzegovina Permanent Residence in 2026

Guide to Bosnia and Herzegovina permanent residence, including the five-year rule, absence limits, language and financial requirements, excluded categories and founder exception.

Bosnia Digital Nomad and Remote Work Rules in 2026

Current Bosnia and Herzegovina remote-work analysis explaining why there is no dedicated digital-nomad visa and how work, foreign-employer and residence rules interact.

Bulgaria Digital Nomad Residence Permit in 2026

Guide to Bulgaria's statutory digital-nomad residence permit, including eligible remote-worker categories, the 2026 income formula, Visa D and work restrictions.

Bulgaria Entrepreneur Residence in 2026

Official-source guide to Bulgaria commercial-activity residence.

Bulgaria Freelancer and Self-Employment Residence in 2026

Guide to Bulgaria's regulated freelance and self-employment route for third-country nationals.

Bulgaria Long-Term and Permanent Residence in 2026

Guide to Bulgaria long-term and permanent residence, including the general five-year residence framework.

Bulgaria Single Residence and Work Permit in 2026

Guide to Bulgaria's combined residence and work route for third-country nationals hired by Bulgarian employers.

Bulgaria Startup Visa and Founder Residence in 2026

Guide to Bulgaria's Startup Visa certificate and founder residence pathway for high-tech or innovative projects.

Croatia

Croatia Digital Nomad Visa: €3,622.50 Income Requirement and 18-Month Stay

Current 2026 guide to Croatia's digital-nomad temporary stay: €3,622.50 monthly means requirement, up to 18 months, foreign-work rule, family, fees, tax and long-term residence context.

Croatia

Croatia Self-Employment Work Permit: Business Owner Requirements and €26,544.56 Investment

Current 2026 guide to Croatia's stay-and-work permit for self-employed majority owners: 51% ownership, €26,544.56 investment, three Croatian employees, salary tests, family and settlement.

Cyprus Digital Nomad Visa 2026

Official-source guide to Cyprus's reopened Digital Nomad Visa: €3,500 net income, 500-permit ceiling, 1+2 year residence and family rules.

Cyprus EU Blue Card 2026

Current Cyprus EU Blue Card guide covering the three eligible sectors, €43,632 salary threshold, family rules and EU mobility.

Cyprus Family Reunification 2026

Current Cyprus family-reunification rules for eligible third-country-national sponsors, with sponsor, spouse and child distinctions.

Cyprus Foreign Interest Company Employment 2026

Guide to Cyprus employment by registered Companies of Foreign Interests, including €2,500 salary, qualification/experience and two-year contract rules.

Cyprus General Employment Single Permit (GEN) 2026

Official-source guide to Cyprus's ordinary remunerated-employment single permit, including entry-permit, residence/work permit and employer-change rules.

Cyprus Immigration Permits C, D and F 2026

Guide to Cyprus standard Immigration Permit Categories C, D and F, including self-employment and independent-means distinctions.

Cyprus Investor Permanent Residence 2026 — Regulation 6(2)

Official-source guide to Cyprus Regulation 6(2) expedited permanent residence: €300,000 investment, €50,000 income and maintenance rules.

Cyprus Long-Term Resident Status 2026

Current Cyprus long-term resident rules: five years legal residence, absence limits, excluded temporary categories and five-year initial permit.

Cyprus Startup Visa 2026

Current Cyprus Startup Visa guide: scheme validity through December 2026, innovation approval, two-year economic-activity framework and separate residence steps.

Cyprus Student Residence Permit 2026

Current Cyprus student residence rules, including work-sector restrictions and the 20-hour/38-hour employment limits.

Business and Self-Employment — Czechia 2026

Current 2026 Czech government rules for business and self-employment, with the residence, work and eligibility distinctions that matter.

Digital Nomad Programme — Czechia 2026

Current 2026 Czech government rules for digital nomad programme, with the residence, work and eligibility distinctions that matter.

Employee Card — Czechia 2026

Current 2026 Czech government rules for employee card, with the residence, work and eligibility distinctions that matter.

EU Blue Card — Czechia 2026

Current 2026 Czech government rules for eu blue card, with the residence, work and eligibility distinctions that matter.

Family Reunification — Czechia 2026

Current 2026 Czech government rules for family reunification, with the residence, work and eligibility distinctions that matter.

Graduate Job Search and Starting a Business — Czechia 2026

Current 2026 Czech government rules for graduate job search and starting a business, with the residence, work and eligibility distinctions that matter.

Investment Residence — Czechia 2026

Current 2026 Czech government rules for investment residence, with the residence, work and eligibility distinctions that matter.

Permanent Residence — Czechia 2026

Current 2026 Czech government rules for permanent residence, with the residence, work and eligibility distinctions that matter.

Scientific Research — Czechia 2026

Current 2026 Czech government rules for scientific research, with the residence, work and eligibility distinctions that matter.

Studies and Student Work — Czechia 2026

Current 2026 Czech government rules for studies and student work, with the residence, work and eligibility distinctions that matter.

Denmark Family Reunification 2026

The national spouse/partner framework is different from SIRI's **accompanying-family** rules for temporary workers and students.

Denmark Fast-Track Scheme 2026

Fast Track requires an employer **certified by SIRI** and contains **five tracks**: pay limit, supplementary pay limit, short-term, researcher, and educational.

Denmark Student Residence Permit and Job Seeking 2026

Where proof is required, the 2026 self-support rate is **DKK 7,426 per month**, up to **DKK 89,112 for 12 months**.

Denmark Pay Limit Scheme 2026

The Pay Limit Scheme does not require a specific educational background or occupation.

Denmark Permanent Residence 2026

The standard national residence period is normally **8 years**. A **4-year** route is possible only when the basic requirements and **all 4 supplementary requirements** are satisfied.

Denmark Positive Lists 2026

The lists effective **1 July 2026** contain **164 job titles** on the Higher Education list and **63 job titles** on the Skilled Work list.

Denmark Remote Work and Digital Nomad Options 2026

Denmark does **not** publish a dedicated national digital-nomad residence scheme.

Start-up Denmark Residence Permit 2026

The innovative business idea must be approved by the **Danish Business Authority expert panel before applying to SIRI**. The founder must own all or part of the business and **actively participate** in its operation.

Denmark Supplementary Pay Limit Scheme 2026

This is a separate scheme with conditions that do not apply to the ordinary Pay Limit Scheme.

Estonia Business Residence Permit 2026: Entrepreneur and Self-Employment Guide

Current guide to Estonia's temporary residence permit for enterprise, including the €65,000 company and €16,000 sole-proprietor capital rules, business plan, fees, quota, renewal and settlement.

Estonia Digital Nomad Visa 2026: Requirements, €3,960 Income and D-Visa Guide

Current guide to Estonia's teleworking Digital Nomad D-visa, including the €3,960 monthly financial benchmark, foreign-work rules, documents, fees, family, tax and settlement limits.

Estonia Investor Visa 2026: €1 Million Large Investor Residence Permit Guide

Current guide to Estonia's large-investor temporary residence permit, including the €1 million investment threshold, qualifying companies/funds, quota exemption, fees, family and settlement.

Estonia Startup Visa 2026: Founder D-Visa and Startup Residence Permit Guide

Current guide to Estonia's Startup Visa and founder residence pathway, including Startup Committee approval, €880 monthly D-visa funds, family rules, startup exemptions, fees and settlement.

Finland Employed Person Permit (TTOL) 2026

Finland TTOL guide for 2026 covering the €1,600 salary floor, collective agreements, labour-market testing, regular-hours rule and employer process.

Finland Entrepreneur Residence Permit 2026

Finland entrepreneur residence permit guide covering Business ID, actual work in the business, profitability assessment, two-stage processing and light-entrepreneur exclusion.

Finland EU Blue Card 2026

Finland EU Blue Card guide for 2026 covering the €3,937 salary threshold, qualifications, six-month employment requirement and two-year maximum validity.

Finland Family Ties Residence Permit 2026

Finland family-ties residence permit guide covering the 21-year spouse rule, 2025 reforms, household income thresholds and sponsor distinctions.

Finland Permanent Residence 2026

Finland permanent residence guide covering the 8 January 2026 reform, six-year/B1/work-history path, four-year €40,000 income path and Finnish-degree path.

Finland Remote Work and Digital Nomad Options 2026

Finland remote-work guide explaining that there is no residence permit based solely on foreign remote work, while remote work is allowed during otherwise legal stays.

Finland Specialist Residence Permit 2026

Finland specialist residence permit guide for 2026 covering the €3,937 salary threshold, expert-duty requirement, employer process, D visa and work rights.

Finland Start-up Entrepreneur Residence Permit 2026

Finland startup entrepreneur permit guide covering the Business Finland Eligibility Statement, four-month validity, 2026 support thresholds, fast track and work rights.

Finland Student Residence Permit and Post-Graduation 2026

Finland student residence permit guide covering €800 monthly funds, €9,600 first-year proof, 30-hour average work rights and the two-year post-study route.

France Digital Nomad Visa 2026: Remote Work Options Explained

France has no dedicated digital nomad visa. This guide explains the visitor restriction on professional activity and the lawful alternatives for remote workers, freelancers and founders.

France Entrepreneur Visa 2026: Talent Founder & Innovative Project Guide

A current guide to France's talent-porteur de projet route for business creators and recognised innovative economic projects, including the 2026 SMIC and €30,000 business-creation financing rule.

France Investor Visa 2026: Talent Direct Economic Investment Guide

A 2026 guide to France's talent-porteur de projet direct economic investment route, including the €300,000 fixed-asset threshold, company relationship and jobs commitment.

France Self-Employment Visa 2026: Entrepreneur / Profession Libérale Guide

A 2026 guide to France's ordinary entrepreneur/profession libérale VLS-TS for freelancers, independent professionals and small-business operators.

Germany Digital Nomad Visa 2026: Does Germany Have a Remote Work Visa?

Germany has no dedicated digital nomad visa. This guide explains the lawful 2026 alternatives for remote workers, freelancers, founders and jobseekers.

Germany EU Blue Card 2026: Salary Thresholds, Requirements and Settlement

Current 2026 guide to Germany's EU Blue Card, including salary thresholds, recent-graduate and IT-specialist rules, family, validity and settlement.

Germany Freelance Visa 2026: Freiberufler Residence Permit Guide

Current guide to Germany's §21(5) residence permit for freelance liberal professions, including requirements, documents, fees, family, tax and settlement.

Germany Opportunity Card 2026: Chancenkarte Requirements, Points and Funds

Current 2026 guide to Germany's Opportunity Card (Chancenkarte), including direct and points routes, €1,091 monthly funds, 20-hour work and follow-up options.

Germany Self-Employment Visa 2026: Entrepreneur and Startup Founder Guide

Current guide to Germany's §21(1) residence permit for commercial entrepreneurs and startup founders, including economic-interest tests, financing, documents and settlement.

Greece Business Investor Visa: Company and Investment Residence Routes 2026

Guide to Greece's business and financial investor residence routes under Articles 97–99, including €500,000 company participation, €4 million company tests and qualifying financial investments.

Greece Digital Nomad Visa: Requirements, €3,500 Income and Residence Guide

Current 2026 guide to Greece's Digital Nomad Visa and residence permit, including the €3,500 income test, family uplifts, foreign-work rule, documents, tax context and long-term residence.

Greece Golden Visa 2026: €800k, €400k and €250k Property Routes

Current Greece Golden Visa guide covering €800,000 and €400,000 general property thresholds, €250,000 special property categories, 120 m² rules, restrictions, family, fees and renewal.

Greece Startup Visa: €250,000 Investment Route, Jobs and B.6 Permit

Current guide to Greece's Article 100A startup-investment residence permit: €250,000 minimum investment, 33% cap, two new jobs, five-year employment maintenance and B.6 renewal rules.

Employment Residence Permit — Hungary 2026

Current 2026 Hungarian government rules for employment residence permit, including eligibility, work rights, restrictions and residence implications.

EU Blue Card — Hungary 2026

Current 2026 Hungarian government rules for eu blue card, including eligibility, work rights, restrictions and residence implications.

Family Reunification — Hungary 2026

Current 2026 Hungarian government rules for family reunification, including eligibility, work rights, restrictions and residence implications.

Graduate Job Search and Starting a Business — Hungary 2026

Current 2026 Hungarian government rules for graduate job search and starting a business, including eligibility, work rights, restrictions and residence implications.

Guest Investor Residence — Hungary 2026

Current 2026 Hungarian government rules for guest investor residence, including eligibility, work rights, restrictions and residence implications.

Guest Self-Employment — Hungary 2026

Current 2026 Hungarian government rules for guest self-employment, including eligibility, work rights, restrictions and residence implications.

Hungarian Card — Hungary 2026

Current 2026 Hungarian government rules for hungarian card, including eligibility, work rights, restrictions and residence implications.

Long-Term Residence Cards — Hungary 2026

Current 2026 Hungarian government rules for long-term residence cards, including eligibility, work rights, restrictions and residence implications.

Studies and Student Work — Hungary 2026

Current 2026 Hungarian government rules for studies and student work, including eligibility, work rights, restrictions and residence implications.

White Card Digital Nomad — Hungary 2026

Current 2026 Hungarian government rules for white card digital nomad, including eligibility, work rights, restrictions and residence implications.

Iceland Collaboration and Service Contract Work Permit 2026

Iceland has a narrow specialist route for qualifying foreign service contracts and teaching, academic or scientific collaboration agreements.

Iceland Expert Knowledge Work Permit 2026

The expert-knowledge route is for a specific job requiring recognized specialist expertise that is essential to the Icelandic employer.

Iceland Family Reunification and Spouse Residence Permit 2026

A national spouse residence permit can be based on marriage or qualifying cohabitation, but sponsor eligibility and work rights depend on the sponsor's status.

Iceland Permanent Residence Permit 2026

The general national permanent-residence route normally requires four years of continuous qualifying residence, plus language, support and absence requirements.

Iceland Remote Work, Digital Nomad and Self-Employment Rules 2026

Iceland's former long-term-visa provision was repealed in May 2026, so older remote-worker visa guidance should not be treated as a current residence route.

Iceland Short-Term Residence Permit 2026

The 2026 short-term residence permit is a narrow 90–180 day option for specified close-family visits and certain artists, scientists or athletes; it is not a general work or remote-work permit.

Iceland Shortage of Labour Work Permit 2026

The shortage-of-labour route is exceptional and is intended for temporary shortages after recruitment in Iceland and the wider EEA/EFTA/Faroe labour market.

Iceland Student Residence Permit and Post-Study Work 2026

Student residence-permit holders may work as employees up to 60% of full-time without a separate work permit, and qualifying Icelandic graduates can seek work for up to 18 months.

Iceland Working Holiday and Youth Mobility 2026

Iceland's Working Holiday / Youth Mobility residence permit is limited to bilateral arrangements with Andorra, Canada, Chile, Japan and the United Kingdom.

Ireland Critical Skills Employment Permit 2026

Ireland Critical Skills Employment Permit guide for 2026 covering salary thresholds, eligible occupations, employer changes, visas, registration and Stamp 4 timing.

Ireland Family Reunification 2026

Ireland family reunification guide covering June 2026 policy changes, sponsor categories, CSEP and GEP waiting periods, finances, accommodation and ineligible sponsors.

Ireland General Employment Permit 2026

Ireland General Employment Permit guide covering 2026 salary thresholds, occupation eligibility, Labour Market Needs Test, employer changes and Stamp 4 timing.

Ireland Long Term Residency 2026

Ireland Long Term Residency guide covering the 60-month qualifying residence rule, employment-permit basis, continuous evidence, €500 fee and Stamp 4 distinction.

Ireland Remote Work and Visitor Options 2026

Ireland has no dedicated digital-nomad residence visa. This guide explains visitor, short-stay business and limited short-work rules without confusing them with residence.

Ireland Stamp 0 and Independent Means 2026

Ireland Stamp 0 guide for retirees and persons of independent means, including €50,000 income guidance, private insurance and the no-work/business rule.

Ireland Start-up Entrepreneur Programme (STEP) 2026

Ireland STEP guide for innovative founders: €50,000 funding, €350 fee, quarterly evaluation, immigration permission and the closed investor-programme distinction.

Ireland Study and Third Level Graduate Programme 2026

Ireland Stamp 2 and Third Level Graduate Programme guide covering student work hours, Level 8/9 graduate duration, Stamp 1G work rights and permit transition.

Italy Digital Nomad Visa: Requirements, Income and Remote Worker Guide

Current 2026 guide to Italy's Digital Nomad and Remote Worker Visa, including the €24,789 official income benchmark, highly qualified status, documents, family, tax and renewal.

Investor Visa for Italy: €250k Startup, €500k Company and Investment Guide

Current 2026 guide to Investor Visa for Italy, including €250k innovative-startup, €500k company, €1m philanthropy and €2m government-bond options, residence, renewal and family.

Italy Self-Employment Visa: Lavoro Autonomo, Quotas and Entrepreneur Requirements

Current 2026 guide to Italy's quota-based self-employment visa for entrepreneurs, professionals, company officers and artists, including Decreto Flussi, €500k entrepreneur investment and permit rules.

Italy Startup Visa: €50,000 Resources, Innovative Startup and Founder Guide

Current 2026 guide to Italia Startup Visa for non-EU innovative founders, including €50,000 resources, Technical Committee review, 30-day nulla osta, residence permit and renewal.

Business and Board-Member Options — Latvia 2026

Latvia residence options for individual merchants, board members and company representatives, with current-law cautions after the September 2026 reform.

Employment Residence — Latvia 2026

Latvia employment residence and sponsorship framework for third-country nationals, including current 2026 remuneration rules.

EU Blue Card — Latvia 2026

Latvia EU Blue Card for highly qualified employment, with current 2026 salary thresholds and shortage-profession reduction.

EU Long-Term Resident Status — Latvia 2026

Latvia's current general permanent-residence framework: EU long-term resident status after at least five years of qualifying residence, with A2 Latvian and means requirements.

Family Reunification — Latvia 2026

Latvia family reunification after the September 2026 Immigration Law, with sponsor-specific rules and new student-family restrictions.

Remote Work Long-Stay Visa — Latvia 2026

Latvia's 2026 remote-work long-stay visa for OECD-linked employees and self-employed professionals, including the current EUR 4,538 income threshold and employment restrictions.

Self-Employed Residence — Latvia 2026

Latvia self-employed residence for genuine local professional or business activity, with business-plan evidence and current 2026 subsistence guidance.

Share-Capital Investor Residence — Latvia 2026

Latvia business-investment residence after the September 2026 reform, including share-capital thresholds and the closure of older property/bank routes.

Startup Founder Residence — Latvia 2026

Current Latvia startup-founder residence framework, including the 2026 Immigration Law expansion and LIAA's founder-evaluation process.

Studies and Graduate Options — Latvia 2026

Latvia study residence, limited student work rights and post-study planning under the Immigration Law effective September 2026.

Cross-Border Service Provider (GDL) — Liechtenstein January 2025

Temporary cross-border services framework for qualifying foreign businesses, self-employed providers and posted workers.

Distributed-Presence Authorization in Letter Form (BIB) — Liechtenstein January 2025

Non-resident work authorization allowing distributed presence in Liechtenstein within a 12-month validity period.

EEA Cross-Border Commuter Registration (GMB) — Liechtenstein January 2025

Registration route for employed or self-employed EEA nationals who work in Liechtenstein while living abroad.

EEA and Swiss Work Residence Permit (B) — Liechtenstein January 2025

Quota-controlled B residence route for EEA and Swiss nationals taking employment in Liechtenstein.

Residence Permit (B) Without Gainful Employment — Liechtenstein January 2025

Quota/discretionary residence route for people with sufficient means who will not work in Liechtenstein.

Short-Term Employment Residence Permit (L) — Liechtenstein January 2025

Short-term residence permission for employment in Liechtenstein for a maximum of 12 months.

Third-Country Cross-Border Commuter Permit (G) — Liechtenstein January 2025

Employment permit for qualifying third-country nationals who work in Liechtenstein and return to residence abroad every working day.

Third-Country Skilled Worker Residence Permit (B) — Liechtenstein January 2025

Discretionary long-stay employment residence for qualifying third-country managers, specialists and other qualified employees.

Business, Shareholder and Manager Options — Lithuania 2026

Current 2026 Lithuanian rules for business, shareholder and manager options, with official-source safeguards and practical residence distinctions.

EU Blue Card and Highly Qualified Work — Lithuania 2026

Current 2026 Lithuanian rules for eu blue card and highly qualified work, with official-source safeguards and practical residence distinctions.

Family Reunification — Lithuania 2026

Current 2026 Lithuanian family-reunification rules and sponsor-status distinctions.

Graduate Job Search and Self-Employment — Lithuania 2026

Current Lithuanian post-study residence options for job search, employment and self-employment.

Permanent and Long-Term Residence — Lithuania 2026

Current Lithuanian long-term resident and permanent-residence framework.

Remote Work and Digital Nomad Options — Lithuania 2026

Current 2026 Lithuanian rules for remote work and digital nomad options, with official-source safeguards and practical residence distinctions.

Scientific Research — Lithuania 2026

Current Lithuanian temporary-residence framework for qualifying lecturers and researchers.

Startup Visa for Founders — Lithuania 2026

Current 2026 Lithuanian rules for startup visa for founders, with official-source safeguards and practical residence distinctions.

Studies and Student Work — Lithuania 2026

Current 2026 Lithuanian rules for studies and student work, with official-source safeguards and practical residence distinctions.

Temporary Residence for Employment — Lithuania 2026

Current 2026 Lithuanian rules for temporary residence for employment, with official-source safeguards and practical residence distinctions.

EU Blue Card for Highly Qualified Workers — Luxembourg January 2025

Highly qualified employment residence route for eligible third-country professionals.

Intra-Corporate Transferee (ICT) Residence Permit — Luxembourg January 2025

Temporary residence route for qualifying managers, specialists and trainee employees transferred within a corporate group.

Investor Residence Permit — Luxembourg January 2025

Residence permit for third-country nationals meeting one of Luxembourg's statutory investment options.

Post-Research Job Search or Business Creation Permit — Luxembourg January 2025

Twelve-month transition route for eligible researchers who completed research in Luxembourg and want to seek work or start a business.

Post-Study Job Search or Business Creation Permit — Luxembourg January 2025

Twelve-month post-study residence route for eligible Luxembourg graduates seeking work or preparing a business.

Salaried Worker Residence Permit — Luxembourg January 2025

Standard residence route for third-country nationals taking salaried employment in Luxembourg.

Self-Employed Residence Permit — Luxembourg January 2025

Residence route for third-country nationals carrying on a qualifying self-employed activity in Luxembourg.

Malta Digital Nomad Visa: Nomad Residence Permit Requirements for 2026

Current guide to Malta's Nomad Residence Permit for third-country remote workers, including the €42,000 income threshold, foreign-work rule, four-year cap, family, tax and long-term-residence limits.

Malta Permanent Residence Programme (MPRP): Requirements and Costs for 2026

Current 2026 guide to Malta's Permanent Residence Programme, including the capital-assets test, €60,000 administration fee, €37,000 contribution, property, donation, family, work rights and tax context.

Malta Self-Employment Residence Permit: Requirements for Third-Country Nationals

Current 2026 guide to Malta's restricted third-country-national self-employment route, including Jobsplus licensing, €500,000 fixed-asset criterion, innovator option, fees and company-director distinction.

Malta Startup Residence Programme: Founder Visa Requirements for 2026

Current 2026 guide to Malta's Startup Residence Programme for innovative founders and core employees, including the €25,000 investment/capital test, Malta Enterprise approval, duration, fees, family and long-term residence.

Digital Nomad Residence — Montenegro 2026

Current 2026 Montenegro government rules for digital nomad residence, with eligibility, duration, work and settlement distinctions.

Employment Residence and Work Permit — Montenegro 2026

Current 2026 Montenegro government rules for employment residence and work permit, with eligibility, duration, work and settlement distinctions.

Entrepreneur and Executive Director — Montenegro 2026

Current 2026 Montenegro government rules for entrepreneur and executive director, with eligibility, duration, work and settlement distinctions.

Family Reunification — Montenegro 2026

Current 2026 Montenegro government rules for family reunification, with eligibility, duration, work and settlement distinctions.

Healthcare Employment — Montenegro 2026

Current 2026 Montenegro government rules for healthcare employment, with eligibility, duration, work and settlement distinctions.

IT Sector Employment — Montenegro 2026

Current 2026 Montenegro government rules for it sector employment, with eligibility, duration, work and settlement distinctions.

Permanent Residence — Montenegro 2026

Current 2026 Montenegro government rules for permanent residence, with eligibility, duration, work and settlement distinctions.

Real Estate Residence — Montenegro 2026

Current 2026 Montenegro government rules for real estate residence, with eligibility, duration, work and settlement distinctions.

Scientific Research and Job Search — Montenegro 2026

Current 2026 Montenegro government rules for scientific research and job search, with eligibility, duration, work and settlement distinctions.

Studies and Student Work — Montenegro 2026

Current 2026 Montenegro government rules for studies and student work, with eligibility, duration, work and settlement distinctions.

Netherlands DAFT Visa 2026: Dutch-American Friendship Treaty Guide

A current guide to treaty-based Dutch self-employment for eligible US and Japanese nationals, including €4,500 capital, registration and renewal evidence.

Netherlands Digital Nomad Visa 2026: What Actually Exists

The Netherlands has no dedicated digital nomad residence permit. This guide explains the lawful alternatives for remote employees, freelancers and founders.

Netherlands Highly Skilled Migrant 2026: Salary, Sponsor and Family Guide

A 2026 guide to the Dutch highly skilled migrant scheme, including recognised sponsors, salary thresholds, work rights, family and permit validity.

Netherlands Investor Visa 2026: Closed Route and Legacy Renewal Guide

The Dutch wealthy-foreign-investor residence scheme is closed to new applicants. This guide explains the 17 April 2024 abolition and legacy renewal rules.

Netherlands Self-Employment Visa 2026: Requirements, Points and Income

A current guide to the Dutch self-employed residence permit, including RVO scoring, freelancer requirements, 2026 income, fees, family and renewal.

Netherlands Startup Visa 2026: Facilitator, Innovation and Transition Guide

A 2026 guide to the Dutch startup residence permit for innovative founders working with a recognised facilitator.

Business Visit / Short-Stay Visa — North Macedonia

Short-stay business entry framework for visits supported by purpose evidence and, where applicable, a legal-entity invitation.

Employment Temporary Residence — North Macedonia

Work-purpose temporary residence for foreign employees, coordinated with Employment Service Agency eligibility procedures.

EU/OECD Property Owner Temporary Residence — North Macedonia

Narrow temporary-residence ground for qualifying EU/OECD residents who own eligible residential property worth at least EUR 40,000.

Posted Worker Temporary Residence — North Macedonia

Work-purpose temporary residence track for foreign citizens sent to North Macedonia by an overseas employer.

Seasonal Worker Temporary Residence — North Macedonia

Temporary residence for work where ESARM evaluates eligibility for seasonal employment.

Self-Employment and Company Owner Residence — North Macedonia

Work/self-employment residence framework used by qualifying foreign owners, co-owners and managers of North Macedonian companies.

Short-Term Service Provider Registration — North Macedonia

ESARM registration/certificate mechanism for specified short-term service categories that do not require a work permit.

Norway EU/EEA Residence 2026

EU/EEA nationals use free-movement rules in Norway, including registration after three months and permanent right of residence after five years.

Norway Family Immigration 2026

Norway's national family-immigration system uses relationship, sponsor-status and income requirements that differ from EU/EEA residence-card rules.

Norway Foreign Company Assignments 2026

Assignment permits cover qualifying skilled employees of foreign companies working temporarily for a Norwegian enterprise or branch.

Norway Permanent Residence 2026

Norway permanent residence generally requires three or five years of qualifying residence plus income, language and continuity requirements.

Norway Remote Work Options 2026

Norway does not publish a general digital-nomad residence permit; remote work physically performed in Norway usually requires immigration permission covering the work.

Norway Seasonal Worker 2026

Norway's seasonal-worker route is for genuine seasonal or holiday-replacement work and is limited to six months in a twelve-month period.

Norway Self-Employed Skilled Worker 2026

Norway's self-employed skilled-worker category is a narrow sole-proprietor route tied to the applicant's skilled qualifications.

Norway Skilled Worker 2026

Norway's skilled-worker route requires qualifying competence, a skilled job offer and normal Norwegian pay and working conditions.

Norway Studies and Job Seeking 2026

Norway study permits include limited employment rights, while qualifying graduates and researchers can use a separate one-year job-seeker permit.

Business Activity Residence — Poland 2026

Current 2026 Polish government rules for business activity residence, including eligibility, duration, work or business implications and settlement distinctions.

EU Blue Card — Poland 2026

Current 2026 Polish government rules for eu blue card, including eligibility, duration, work or business implications and settlement distinctions.

Family Reunification — Poland 2026

Current 2026 Polish government rules for family reunification, including eligibility, duration, work or business implications and settlement distinctions.

Graduate Job Search and Starting a Business — Poland 2026

Current 2026 Polish government rules for graduate job search and starting a business, including eligibility, duration, work or business implications and settlement distinctions.

Long-Term EU Resident — Poland 2026

Current 2026 Polish government rules for long-term eu resident, including eligibility, duration, work or business implications and settlement distinctions.

Permanent Residence — Special Categories — Poland 2026

Current 2026 Polish government rules for permanent residence — special categories, including eligibility, duration, work or business implications and settlement distinctions.

Remote Work and Digital Nomad Options — Poland 2026

Current 2026 Polish government rules for remote work and digital nomad options, including eligibility, duration, work or business implications and settlement distinctions.

Scientific Research — Poland 2026

Current 2026 Polish government rules for scientific research, including eligibility, duration, work or business implications and settlement distinctions.

Studies and Student Work — Poland 2026

Current 2026 Polish government rules for studies and student work, including eligibility, duration, work or business implications and settlement distinctions.

Temporary Residence and Work — Poland 2026

Current 2026 Polish government rules for temporary residence and work, including eligibility, duration, work or business implications and settlement distinctions.

Portugal ARI business investment residence route

Portugal's active ARI investment-residence regime for qualifying business investors, including the 10-job route and €500,000 company-capital option with permanent-employment conditions.

Portugal Digital Nomad Visa (D8): Requirements, Income and Application Guide

A current guide to Portugal's D8 digital nomad and remote-work residence route, including the €3,680 mainland 2026 income benchmark, documents, fees, family rules and long-term residence.

Portugal Entrepreneur Visa (D2): Business Owner and Founder Guide

Portugal's D2 entrepreneur route for founders and business owners making or planning a credible Portuguese investment, with no universal statutory minimum investment.

Portugal Self-Employment Visa (D2): Freelancer and Independent Professional Guide

Portugal's D2 self-employment route for freelancers and independent professionals, covering service evidence, subsistence, €110 national visa fee, AIMA residence rules and the revoked manifestation-of-interest shortcut.

Portugal StartUP Visa: Requirements for Innovative Founders

Portugal's active IAPMEI StartUP Visa for innovative founders using certified incubators, with the 2026 €6,445.56 personal funds reference, project criteria and immigration stages.

Commercial Activities and Investor Residence — Romania 2026

Current 2026 Romanian official rules for commercial activities and investor residence, including entry, residence, work and settlement distinctions.

Digital Nomad — Romania 2026

Current 2026 Romanian official rules for digital nomad, including entry, residence, work and settlement distinctions.

Economic and Professional Self-Employment — Romania 2026

Current 2026 Romanian official rules for economic and professional self-employment, including entry, residence, work and settlement distinctions.

Employment Work Visa and Single Permit — Romania 2026

Current 2026 Romanian official rules for employment work visa and single permit, including entry, residence, work and settlement distinctions.

EU Blue Card and Highly Qualified Work — Romania 2026

Current 2026 Romanian official rules for eu blue card and highly qualified work, including entry, residence, work and settlement distinctions.

Family Reunification — Romania 2026

Current 2026 Romanian official rules for family reunification, including entry, residence, work and settlement distinctions.

Graduate Job Search and Business — Romania 2026

Current 2026 Romanian official rules for graduate job search and business, including entry, residence, work and settlement distinctions.

Long-Term Residence — Romania 2026

Current 2026 Romanian official rules for long-term residence, including entry, residence, work and settlement distinctions.

Scientific Research — Romania 2026

Current 2026 Romanian official rules for scientific research, including entry, residence, work and settlement distinctions.

Studies and Student Work — Romania 2026

Current 2026 Romanian official rules for studies and student work, including entry, residence, work and settlement distinctions.

Digital Nomad Temporary Residence — Serbia

Serbia recognizes Digital Nomad as a statutory basis for temporary residence. It is a residence basis distinct from the employment grounds that lead to the single permit for residence and work.

Employment Single Permit — Serbia

For ordinary Serbian employment, the central long-stay route is the single permit for temporary residence and work.

Highly Qualified Foreign Citizen Temporary Residence — Serbia

Serbia's official temporary-residence framework separately lists Highly Qualified Foreign Citizen as a prescribed residence basis.

Independent Professional Single Permit — Serbia

The Independent Professional ground is a specific employment route, not a synonym for every freelancer.

Investor Temporary Residence — Serbia

Serbia recognizes Investor as a temporary-residence basis for foreign nationals investing in an already registered Serbian company through tangible or intangible assets.

Self-Employment Single Permit — Serbia

Serbia treats self-employment as an employment sub-basis that can lead to a visa D for employment or a single permit for temporary residence and work.

Startup Temporary Residence — Serbia

Serbia has a dedicated Startup temporary-residence basis for foreign founders of a Serbian company whose innovative activity is recognized by a registered Science and Technology Park with the required public-sector founder connection.

Talent Temporary Residence — Serbia

Serbia recognizes Talent as a temporary-residence basis for a foreign national who has a decision on professional recognition of a tertiary-education certificate issued by the competent Serbian authority.

Business Temporary Residence — Slovakia

Temporary residence route for third-country nationals who actively conduct business as a natural person or act for a Slovak company or cooperative.

Employment Temporary Residence — Slovakia

Ordinary employment residence route for third-country nationals, generally linked to labour-office confirmation or another authorized employment basis.

EU Blue Card — Slovakia

Highly-qualified employment residence under Slovakia's EU Blue Card rules effective for the January 2025 snapshot.

Highly Qualified National Visa — Slovakia

National-visa scheme for defined highly qualified third-country graduates, jobseekers and employees under Government Regulation 521/2021.

Innovative Startup Founder Business Residence — Slovakia

Innovative-founder track inside the business-residence framework using an official innovative-project business plan.

Research and Development Temporary Residence — Slovakia

Temporary residence for researchers and developers carrying out qualifying activity under a hosting agreement.

Corporate, Posted and Specialist Work — Slovenia 2026

Current 2026 Slovenian official rules for corporate, posted and specialist work, with residence, work-authorisation and settlement distinctions explained.

Digital Nomad Residence — Slovenia 2026

Current 2026 Slovenian official rules for digital nomad residence, with residence, work-authorisation and settlement distinctions explained.

EU Blue Card — Slovenia 2026

Current 2026 Slovenian official rules for eu blue card, with residence, work-authorisation and settlement distinctions explained.

Family Reunification — Slovenia 2026

Current 2026 Slovenian official rules for family reunification, with residence, work-authorisation and settlement distinctions explained.

Graduate Job Search and Self-Employment — Slovenia 2026

Current 2026 Slovenian official rules for graduate job search and self-employment, with residence, work-authorisation and settlement distinctions explained.

Permanent Residence — Slovenia 2026

Current 2026 Slovenian official rules for permanent residence, with residence, work-authorisation and settlement distinctions explained.

Research and Tertiary Education — Slovenia 2026

Current 2026 Slovenian official rules for research and tertiary education, with residence, work-authorisation and settlement distinctions explained.

Self-Employment Single Permit — Slovenia 2026

Current 2026 Slovenian official rules for self-employment single permit, with residence, work-authorisation and settlement distinctions explained.

Single Residence and Work Permit — Slovenia 2026

Current 2026 Slovenian official rules for single residence and work permit, with residence, work-authorisation and settlement distinctions explained.

Studies and Student Work — Slovenia 2026

Current 2026 Slovenian official rules for studies and student work, with residence, work-authorisation and settlement distinctions explained.

Spain Digital Nomad Visa: Requirements, Income and Application Guide

A current 2026 guide to Spain's international teleworker visa and residence authorization, including the €2,442 income benchmark, 20% Spanish-client rule, family and tax context.

Spain Entrepreneur Visa: ENISA Innovative Founder Route

A 2026 guide to Spain's Law 14/2013 entrepreneur residence authorization for innovative founders, including ENISA assessment, no fixed minimum investment, family, fees and renewal.

Spain Golden Visa 2026: Closure, Existing Holders and Alternatives

Spain's Golden Visa closed to new applications on 3 April 2025. This 2026 guide explains the statutory transition for pending cases, existing investor permits and renewals.

Spain Self-Employment Visa: Freelancer and Autónomo Requirements

A 2026 guide to Spain's ordinary residence and work authorization for self-employment, including business-plan evidence, investment, fees, Social Security, renewal and family rules.

Sweden Employee Work Permit 2026

For most citizens outside the EU/EEA who are employed in Sweden, the ordinary employee route is the main work-permit framework.

Sweden EU Blue Card 2026

The Swedish EU Blue Card is a residence and work permit for highly qualified employment and is separate from the ordinary work-permit route.

Sweden EU/EEA Residence 2026

EU/EEA citizens use free-movement/right-of-residence rules, not the ordinary third-country work-permit system.

Sweden Family Immigration 2026

Sweden's national family rules cover spouses, registered partners, cohabiting partners, children and certain other close relationships. They are distinct from EU/EEA residence-card rules.

Sweden Highly Qualified Job Search 2026

A person outside the EU/EEA who has completed studies corresponding to a second-cycle qualification can in qualifying cases apply to come to Sweden to look for work or explore starting a bus

Sweden Permanent Residence 2026

For an employee using the work-permit route, Migrationsverket states that the applicant generally needs to have held and met work-permit conditions and worked in Sweden for four of the past

Sweden Remote Work Options 2026

The Swedish Migration Agency's current route catalogue does not publish a dedicated "digital nomad visa" or general remote-worker residence permit.

Sweden Self-Employed Residence Permit 2026

Migrationsverket publishes a residence permit for people who will run their own business in Sweden rather than a generic "startup visa".

Sweden Studies and Post-Study 2026

A non-EU/EEA student admitted to higher education generally needs a residence permit for studies. The applicant must be finally admitted to full-time studies, pay tuition before applying whe

Cross-Border G Permit — Switzerland 2026

G permits cover qualifying cross-border commuters, with broader mobility for EU/EFTA nationals and stricter rules for third-country nationals.

EU/EFTA Employed Residence — Switzerland 2026

EU/EFTA citizens generally use free-movement residence rules rather than the restrictive third-country work-permit system.

EU/EFTA Self-Employed Residence — Switzerland 2026

EU/EFTA citizens can establish genuine self-employment under free-movement rules when they document the activity and support basis.

Family Reunification — Switzerland 2026

Family rights differ depending on whether the sponsor is Swiss, EU/EFTA, a C-permit holder, a B-permit holder or another status.

Remote Work Options — Switzerland 2026

Switzerland has no dedicated digital-nomad residence permit; remote work must fit an existing residence and work-authorisation basis.

Settlement C Permit — Switzerland 2026

The C settlement permit is indefinite residence status, but the earliest eligibility can be five or ten years depending on nationality and legal basis.